INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS (IPRs) AND AWARENESS ON DIGITAL Research Paper

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS (IPRs) AND AWARENESS ON DIGITAL PROTECTION IN DIGITAL LEARNING - Research Paper Example 25). Under the 1976 U.S. copyright law, the owner of copyrighted materials were given the legal right to control the reproduction of their own works and creation, the display of their digital materials, and the distribution of their professional works and masterpieces (Ulius, 2003, p. 62). Demand for digital learning is increasing. By personally seeking permission from the copyright owner(s) before using their published works and ideas, educators and students should respect the existing law behind digital protection. This study will focus on examining the significance of intellectual property rights (IPR) and public awareness of digital protection on digital learning at Botswana College of Open and Distance Learning (BOCODOL). By incorporating the three approaches including the qualitative (interpretive / subjective), quantitative (objective / realism) and critical (analytical / critical / normative) in the research design, whether or not the students at BOCODOL are prone on violating the intellectual property rights of the writers and digital publishers will be The main purpose of this paper is to examine how the combination of qualitative, quantitative and critical approaches in research methods could strengthen the reliability and accuracy of the research study results. To satisfy the use of the quantitative research approach, the research design for this study will make use of research survey approach. For the qualitative and critical approaches, the significance of research interview and the use of a combine quantitative and qualitative research will be tackled in details respectively. Aside from discussing the statement of the problem and research questions for each of the three major research approaches, the conceptual framework of qualitative, quantitative and critical research methods will be thoroughly examined by going through the in-depth analysis and

THE ROLE PERCEPTIONS OF TEACHERS IN SCHOOLS Case Study

THE ROLE PERCEPTIONS OF TEACHERS IN SCHOOLS - Case Study Example In this regard, a teacher who has just started her career may be motivated by the salary he or she gets at the end of the month. However, as time goes, the same teacher wants more in order to get satisfaction from his job. By more, it is not in terms of the salary they get but by the role he or she plays in the society. Every teacher, after some years in teaching wants to have the guarantee that he or she is contributing positively to the society. He or she wants to see himself as an inspirer and as a person who contributes in a positive way to the society. If the society perceives him as a source of inspiration for the young minds, he will receive admiration and this will fulfill him. This perception will help in making the teacher feel more important and this also helps in improving the way he regards his work as a professional. When a teacher feels that the society and possibly his students believe that his role is important, he is most likely to invest more time in his professional development and be even better. These perceptions can be revealed in a number of ways. First, the way the parents delegate some of the parenting roles to the teacher such as disciplining their child can be indicative of the way the parent perceives the teacher. This perception will also determine how the teacher relates with his students. Of importance to understand is that the way the teacher is treated will also affect her perception of how important his role is. If the teacher perceives that the society (such as the parents, the students, the school) don’t treat her with dignity, this will change the way the teacher will relate with her students. The teacher can use these perceptions to determine how he or she is going to relate with the students and this will determine whether she will be defensive or affective. They will determine whether the

Criminological research Essay Example for Free

Criminological research Essay Longitudinal Approach to Chicago Crime Research The Project on Human Development in Chicago Research conducted a research regarding the historical origins of crime using the statistical longitudinal approach — eight-year-follow-up from 1993 to 2001 on 11,000 individuals with equal male to female ratio in nine different age groups selected at random from 70 different communities— and the developmental crime analysis using multi-field approaches from various related studies in criminology, sociology, psychology and biology. The Project is based at Harvard School of Public Health and is jointly sponsored by National Institute of Justice and MacArthur Foundation. The project attempted to explain the psychological and criminological determinants of the city in response to the mounting crime rates from the years 1960’s to current. In lieu with this, the project also aimed to find ‘solutions’ through the aforementioned multi-disciplinary analysis combined with therapeutic intervention analysis. Understanding criminal behavior entails identification of the source (from birth to adulthood), the developmental origin and environmental influences. Main areas for the study include individual differences, influences from family, school, peer and community, criminal careers, predictions of dangerousness. Data collection is by multistream STORI approach—self-reports tests and examinations, observational procedures (surveys and interviews), existing records, and informant reports. Community, as a determinant, is analyzed through systemic social observation. Changes in family structure is measured at several factors including the individual and/or mixed effect of household environment, care providers, key figures , presence of extended family, quality of upbringing, and the relationships within. The impact of racism on construction of identity of the samples was also considered. Gender-specific roles was also investigated–— why males tend to be more violent and the females more into sexual and property offenses  ¬Ã¢â‚¬â€ their differential response to developmental determinants, individuality, and social behavior with focus between adolescence-adulthood period. Antisocial behavior as exhibited by criminal behavior is evaluated at traumatic stress (and PTSD), abuse and child development; the coping mechanism and resilience and cycle of violence hypotheses is evaluated in line with this. Aside from exploring the history and patterns of anti-socialism, the project maimed at creating intervention programs at the following age group to prevent recidivism: 0-6 (improved social skills and cognitive stimulation); and young adolescents (modeling, peer leader and educ films); young adults (probation and diversion programs). Testing persistence-desistence hypothesis by using various theories [ (bio-psych development, social learning and control, social organization, network, rational choice and deterrence theory)] with focus on peer relations will also be included in the Project. The Project also aimed at creating a pragmatic, large-scale approach for crime prevention by testing their hypothesis on differential social organization, individual differences, peer groups and social networks. The Project’s scheme is rather ambitious considering that it requires an 8 year statistical analysis, only 200 field experts and one co-sponsor (aside from the federal). While it is true that ‘meta-analysis’ can be applicable for such types of study, there are problems in statistical method sampling especially if the test samples ‘migrated’ or ‘died’ before the end of the project. Would the Project resort to attrition analysis? The investigation may also be weak because it relies on questionnaires and interviews, and most criminals, in reality, rarely talk about their life. Technology should also be assessed for the study. Additionally, the methods used, although very extensive, may be very tiring to the staff. Although the objectives of the study are great, the methods require extensive staffing and careful management and (detached) association with the samples in the study. Reference Earls, F. J. and Reiss, A. J. (1994). Breaking the Cycle. NIJ Research Report. 91 pp.

Ahold Has A Company Wide Business Model Marketing Essay

Ahold Has A Company Wide Business Model Marketing Essay Ahold has a company-wide business model, it works with profit. This model helps to drive the strategy. The model consist a virtuous circle that helps Ahold to work on lower cost to invest in price, value and the products and services they give. By means of this circle it helps to raise the sales, win new customers and new capital for the further grow of the business. That the circle has been a success is proven in 2003 there was a successful repositioned of all the business. To the repositioned Ahold increased the value and service that they provide the customers. From 2003 until 2008 Ahold was able to decrease the cost and made a reserve from à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 800 million across our businesses. 1. Structure Ahold operates from two continental platforms, Ahold Europa and Ahold USA, both of the continental are led by a Chief Operating Officer. The structure helps Ahold to balance local, continental and worldwide decision-making. Ahold Europa consists of Albert Heijn, Etos and Gall Gall in the Netherlands. Albert/Hypernova in Slovakia and the Czech Republic. Each operating company in Europe, has a manager who repost all the necessarily things to the COO of Ahold Europe. Ahold USA is organized into four little retail companies: Giant-Carlisle, Giant-Landover, Stop Shop New England and Stop Shop Metro New York. Each company has his own divisional president who reports to the CEO of Ahold USA and this reports back to COO of Ahold USA. Ahold has also a 60 pro cent of interest in ICA AB (Swedish retail) and also 49% interest in Jerà ³nimo Martins Retail. org_structure_diagram 2. In Amsterdam are Aholds international headquarters based. Corporate Centre is responsible for the Group strategy and functions that support the business with contains the strategy office, interneal audit, legal, compliance, insurance, human resources, communications, corporate responsibility, mergers acquisitions and information management. Ahold has also a Corporate Centre located in The United States of America and Switzerland. Systems Corporate Executive Board managed Ahold, They get supervised and advised by a Supervisory Board. The diagram bellows shows the governance structure of Ahold and also its companies. These companies are answerable to the General Meeting of Shareholders. Ahold is structured to execute its strategy and to balance local, continental and global decision-making. Ahold consists of a Coporate Center and operated from two platforms, Ahold Europe and Ahold USA. Both platforms contains a few of companies. The Diagram bellows shows the governance structure of Ahold and its companies. 3. Shared Values All of the companies who belong to Ahold share the five common values who divine how they are, what is important to them and how they do things. These values are Putting the customers first Doing what is right Loving what we do Making ideas happened Getting better every dag Style If you work at the Albert Heijn you must work hygienic and also quality and safety are very important, not only for the employees but also for the customers. Knowledge about the products albert Heijn sales is also very important. If customers have questions then you muss advise them. You work together in a team, so the atmosphere must be good. A good atmosphere in the company is very important for the enthusiasm and productive of employees. The atmosphere at Albert Heijn is very good. They also organize activities to improve the working atmosphere. Staff In 2011 there worked 213.000 employees. Ahold comprise a diverse group of employees they are working in a lot of countries. Underneath all of the employees there are numerous of different nationalities. At Ahold it is very important that at each level of the organisations some diversity is valued, this is a part of a business culture. Diversity is a very important factor at each discipline of the company and it regarded as hole to our success. Our focus is that every employee had a honest change to improve their selves both personally and professionally. At Ahold they strive to have a diversity of employees. Ahold is going to work at mobility for all the employees and a good workface that is a reflection of the customers we serve. All employment decisions are with agreement of fare opportunities. They look at the competencies of the new employees and not at the race, colour, religion, sex, age, disability or national origin. At Ahold everyone has a change. Skills The skills and competencies of the people working in the stores are basic, almost everyone can work there. The managers who manage the stores are most of the time older and they have more experience. The employees who will work for Ahold need a lot more skills and competencies. Employee development is a key priority for Ahold. Ahold has a Leadership Academy in partnership with Harvard Business School and Oxford Universitys SaÃÆ' ¯d Business School and also a Retail Academy run in partnership with Cornell University. Five Forces Model of Porter Ahold is based in the Netherlands and is an international retailing group. They operate in a lot of formats and channels but there core business is selling great food and supermarkets. Ahold has 14 brands in Europe and the U.S. In this chapter you can find an analyze of how the company is positioned in the branch because Ahold has so many companys we just use for this analyze only Albert Heijn. http://notesdesk.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/porters-five-forces-model.jpg For this analyze we use the Five forces model of Porter which you can see in the figure opposite. With this model you can see an overview of the industry rivalry viewed from four different points of view. 4. Threat of new entrants In Europe the supermarkets do not have a lot of threats of new entrants. It is very hard for entrepreneurs to start a new supermarket because when they do start a new supermarket the other existing supermarkets lower the sales price of their products. The new supermarket is not able to lower their sale price because he has more production costs and initial costs than the already existing supermarkets. Bargaining power of customers Customers are a threat for the Albert Heijn. When the customers are pleased about the supermarket they will buy their products an come back every time they need to buy groceries but when Albert Heijn sells products that the customers do not like, they will go the another supermarket. For example: Albert Heijn sells the product COCA Cola. Albert Heijn wanted to save on the cost price of their products so they called COCA Cola. Albert Heijn demands a discount on the cost price of 2%. COCA Cola did not accept that so they stopped to deliver their product to Albert Heijn. After a few weeks the customers complained a lot and the did there grocery shopping in another supermarket where they did sell COCA Cola. Within a month the Albert Heijn did sell COCA Cola again and they were paying the original cost price. Threat of substitutes There are not a lot of threats of substitutes for Albert Heijn. One of the threats are the restaurants. When people eat at a restaurant they do not have to buy grocery for diner. However most of the people do not eat constantly in a restaurant and when they do, they have to buy grocery for the rest of the day. At the Albert Heijn you can buy almost every brand from expensive till the cheapest brands. Most of the brands are also sold in the other supermarkets in the country. So for the substitutes the consumers do not have to go to another supermarket. Bargaining power of suppliers The suppliers do have a lot of bargaining power when they are with a lot of different suppliers as a group. For example Albert Heijn in the Netherlands lower the purchase price to lower their costs. The suppliers did not agreed with this and take action against the Albert Heijn. The suppliers won so the Albert Heijn needs to pay the original price. One supplier has not a lot of bargaining power and he just basically has to do whatever the Albert Heijn wants. Acknowledgement Sources 7-S Framework https://www.ahold.com/#!/Our-strategy/Business-model.htm https://www.ahold.com/web/show?id=88494langid=42from=to=webid=26098searchid=88696keyword=core+value#!https://www.ahold.com/About-us/Our-vision-values.htm http://www.annualreport2009.ahold.com/group/our_strategy/organizational_structure.htm https://company.info/id/350003630000 http://werk.ah.nl/winkel/kwaliteitsmedewerker.jsp https://www.ahold.com/web/show?id=88494langid=42from=to=webid=26098searchid=88696keyword=core+value#!https://www.ahold.com/About-us/Our-vision-values.htm Image 1: https://www.ahold.com/#!/Our-strategy/Business-model.htm Image 2: http://www.annualreport2009.ahold.com/group/our_strategy/organizational_structure.htm Image 3: 2011yearreview.ahold.com/downloads/Ahold-Full-AR-2011.pdf Sources Five Forces Model of Porter https://www.ahold.com/web/show?id=88494langid=42from=to=webid=26098searchid=88696keyword=core+value#!https://www.ahold.com/About-us/Our-vision-values.htm Image 4: Porters Five Forces Model

Beowulf As Christian Allegory :: Epic of Beowulf Essays

Beowulf As Christian Allegory Beowulf’s story is somewhat of an allegory in which he is depicted as the Christ figure. The theme of Beowulf is a contrast of good and evil which is manifest in both Christian and pagan elements; Beowulf represents good, while Grendel, his mother, and the dragon represent evil. The first monster our hero, Beowulf, faces is Grendel. Grendel is said to be a descendant of Cain. â€Å"Unhappy creature (Grendel), he lived for a time in the home of the monsters’ race, after God had condemned them as kin of Cain† (Norton, 28). Cain is the son of Eve, the woman who bore sin into the world. A connection, however vague, can be made between the maternal relations of Eve and Cain and Grendel and his mother. Grendel’s mother can be considered to personify man’s fall from grace and Grendel himself might embody sin. Furthermore, the dragon Beowulf battles can be said to be a picture of Satan: â€Å"the smooth hateful dragon who flies at night wrapped in flameâ⠂¬  (56). When facing Grendel, Beowulf relies on God alone to protect him, saying, "†¦may wise God, Holy Lord, assign glory on whichever hand seems good to Him† (36). When Beowulf tears off Grendel’s arm, Hrothgar remarks, â€Å"I endured much from the foe, many griefs from Grendel† (39). It could be said that the Christian foe is sin, which causes much grief. Against Grendel’s mother, original sin, Beowulf becomes the Christian soldier. When Beowulf struggles against Grendel’s mother, God grants him a precious gift: â€Å"The Wielder of Men granted me that I should see hanging on the wall a fair, ancient, great-sword – most often He has guided the man without friends – that I should wield the weapon† (Norton, 48). This great sword is further described as â€Å"a victory-blessed blade, an old sword made by the giants†¦ the work of giants† (Norton, 47). The sword used to slay Grendel’s mother is work of her ancestral giants, who were godly until they fell from grace. â€Å"From (Cain) sprang all bad breeds, trolls and elves and monsters – likewise the giants who for a long time strove with God† (Norton, 28). Therefore, the sword was god-forged and godly. Here the hero is using â€Å"the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God† to prevail (The Book of Ephesians 6.17, Bible). In his battle with the dragon (which may represent Satan) Beowulf is martyred, losing his life in the of the killing the dragon.

Attitude in All Quiet on the Western Front :: essays research papers

All Quiet on the Western Front All Quiet on the Western Front shows the change in attitudes of the men before and during the war. This novel is able to portray the overwhelming effects and power war has to deteriorate the human spirit. Starting out leaving you're home and family and ready to fight for you country, to ending up tired and scarred both physically and mentally beyond description. At the beginning of the novel nationalist feelings are present through pride of Paul and the rest of the boys. However at the end of the war it is apparent how pointless war really is. All Quiet on the Western Front is a novel that greatly helps in the understanding the effects war. The novel best shows the attitudes of the soldiers before the war and during the war. Before the war there are high morals and growing nationalist feelings. During the war however, the soldiers discover the trauma of war. They discover that it is a waste of time and their hopes and dreams of their life fly further and further away. The remains of Paul Baumer's company had moved behind the German front les for a short rest at the beginning of the novel. After Baumer became Paul's first dead schoolmate, Paul viewed the older generation bitterly, particularly Kantorek, the teacher who convinced Paul and his classmates to join the military. " While they taut that duty to one's country is the greatest thing, we already that death-throes are stronger.... And we saw that there was nothing of their world left. We were all at once terribly alone, and alone we must see it through."(P. 13) Paul fe lt completely betrayed. " We will make ourselves comfortable and sleep, and eat as much as we can stuff into our bellies, and drink and smoke so that hours are not wasted. Life is short." (P 139) Views of death and becoming more comfortable with their destiny in the r became more apparent throughout the novel. Paul loses faith in the war in each passing day. * Through out the novel it was evident that the war scarred the soldiers permanently mentally. Everyone was scared to go to war when it started. Young recruits were first sent because the veterans knew they were going to come back dead. "When we runt again, although I am very excited, I suddenly think: "where's Himmelstoss?" Quickly I jump back into the dug-out and find him with a small scratch lying in a corner pretending to be wounded.

Economic environment of business assignment

Will biddeford's tram make a return?Question 1The central focus of this case is how Biddiford Tram Company, under the management of Mary Jo and Marty, can increase revenue and become profitable given the business constraints it must operate under, namely; (a) Loss of $0.15 subsidy per passenger from the State of Maine (b) Not increase the price of tram fare above $2.00 for two years and subsequently not above the rate of inflation. The railway tram would have to find a way to increase revenue to cover the loss of the $0.15 subsidy, provide a return on their investment while keeping the average fare at $2.00 during the season for two.Other notable business challenges to be addressed were; (a) The agreement the authorities had with the local trade union to keep manning levels high at Biddiford tram company. (b) Mary Jo and Marty had been instructed to charge all passengers including children, a flat fee such that children were not to be offered a discount on the fare. (c) A potential m arket in the local visitors who were very price-sensitive.QUESTION 2Option A – Shorten the season and concentrate on reducing cost (See Excelsheet OPTION A)If it was practicable, Option A would be a profitable route for Biddiford Tram Company to pursue. However, this option is not a viable one for the following reasons.1. There are businesses in Old Orchard Bay which depend on visitors at all times and not only at peak season because they are not seasonal businesses. Operating the Tram only at peak season would be detrimental to their business because they do depend as well on customers that come in the off-peak season.2. Shortening the season would displease the local trade union of the tram drivers because manning levels and therefore wages would be greatly affected by this. It would almost certainly lead to a dispute in the first two years and may hurt business moving forward.3. For the first two years at least, Biddiford Tram Company is still owned by the State of Maine a nd therefore a public service. It would be difficult to get approval from the authorities to shorten the season. The Trams and Old Orchard Bay are the community's top selling points. It won't work.QUESTION 3Option B – Use market power to increase passenger revenue across the seasonWhat Mary Jo means by having market power is that she understands that Biddiford Tram Company is a monopoly. A monopoly can either increase price or vary supply at a time but not both. Therefore, in this case, Biddiford Tram can increase its fare within the constraints it was given. The nature of a monopoly is such that the company is the only provider of that service and thus, it can segment its market. Hence, the off-peak fares for when mostly locals will use the tram service and peak fares for when mostly out-of-town visitors use it. This option allows Mary Jo to remain price-competitive and at the same time, gain as much of the market as possible.Year One and Year Two respectively (Option B)Tota l Cost (TC) = TVC + TFC Profit = Revenue – TCTFC = $330,528 Subsidy of $0.15 per passenger = (0.15 x 483336)TVC = VC + (0.15 x 483336) = 466353 + 72500 = $538,853Profit = $1,057,725 – ($330,528 + $538,853) = $188,344Year Three Total Cost (TC) = TVC + TFC Profit = Revenue – TCTFC = $330,528 Subsidy of $0.15 per passenger = (0.15 x 483336) TVC = VC + (0.15 x 483336) = 466353 + 72500 = $538,853Profit = $1,077,557 – ($330,528 + $538,853) = $208,176Year Four Total Cost (TC) = TVC + TFC Profit = Revenue – TCTFC = $330,528 Subsidy of $0.15 per passenger = (0.15 x 483336)TVC = VC + (0.15 x 483336) = 466353 + 72500 = $538,853Profit = $1,099,167 – ($330,528 + $538,853) = $229,786Option B will yield good returns for Biddiford Tram and make most of the season and market.