full metal jacket Essay -- essays research papers fc

Full Metal Jacket and Platoon are plainly two of the greatest films at any point made about the Vietnam War; in this way, they will consistently be thoroughly analyzed to one another. Detachment depended on Oliver Stone’s own understanding so he utilized straightforward war film methods to give a reasonable feeling of what wilderness fighting resembled. Kubrick’s Full Metal Coat depended on Gustav Hasford’s experience, however Kubrick needed to utilize the story to investigate what made individuals into executioners. These two movies adopt totally different strategies also, on the off chance that we are to analyze them it ought to be in the ability to comprehend what war implies to the normal individual. Both of the movies are extremely point by point in delineating what genuine fighting resembles; be that as it may, Detachment gives an incredible feeling of nature: hopelessly hot, amazingly extraordinary, illness filled, and a frightening situation nobody would promptly need to visit. Full Metal Jacket investigates this as well, however concentrates a great deal consideration on the procedure and preparing associated with getting ready for war. These two movies are a ton the same in two viewpoints: the two of them see the war essentially through the eyes of one warrior and the two of them truly praise war and make it show up charming. Both have solid male leads who it shows up live in a weird manly domain where regular principles don't really apply to ordinary individuals. This idea is continually speaking to guys in light of the fact that regardless of whether they were never in battle they feel as though they have â€Å"experienced† it. Both ...

Dell Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dell Inc - Essay Example The power of the purchaser rotates around the relative quality which the purchaser can apply on the business through the course of business exchanges. The Force of the Buyer can likewise be applied to the business regarding thinking about the business as a purchaser from its providers, For each situation, be that as it may, the overall quality of the organization, both when feeling the power purchasers apply on it, and as it purchases from providers, is moderately frail. Neither the organization nor the shoppers can apply an elevated level of purchasing power on the organization As indicated by Porter, the intensity of the purchaser is solid when the individuals who purchase from the organization, or the organization as a purchaser, exist in a restricted commercial center. As such, when the organization exists as a purchaser from providers, and the organization is the main purchaser, or one of a set number of purchasers of explicit merchandise and enterprises. (Doorman, 1980) A case of this kind of relationship could be the Department of Defense as a purchaser from safeguard temporary workers actually is the main purchaser of merchandise and ventures with the end goal of our nations resistance. (QuickMBA.com, 2004) For this situation, the purchaser has monopolistic control over the venders, and can direct what it needs and the amount it is eager to pay. Be that as it may, no such constrained imposing business model exists in the PC commercial center. ... Created as a vital reaction to the web, Dell propelled a plan of action which concentrated on 'work to arrange' PCs. As opposed to think about what its clients needed, and assembling stock which was then put away in stockrooms until requested, Dell built up a coordinated flexibly chain the board framework, and afterward went to the customer and permitted the end client to drive producing. The organization concentrated on associating with the shopper's prompt wants, and afterward assembling exactly what was requested. For Dell, this choice cut expenses, and expanded the speed at which the organization could work. As indicated by Bossidy and Charan (2002) Dell turned into the market chief with this plan of action. The organization turned its stock 80 times each year, as opposed to multiple times which is the run of the mill stock turnover pace of its rivals. Through this methodology, dell got known as the market head as far as getting the customer precisely what the individual needed, on schedule, precisely, and with ease. This situated Dell to encounter the achievement which it is presently battling to cling to. In any case, this doesn't make Dell a solid purchaser as a purchaser of products and ventures when contrasted with its opposition. Dell, HP, IBM, and Sun Microsystems are on the whole buyers of comparative items. While the organizations may have their own eccentricities regarding what explicit parts and pieces they buy, they are largely buying similar kinds of items, and accordingly all have comparative degrees of intensity in the commercial center as a purchaser. Dell may have a bigger force in the commercial center than its rivals due to their more elevated level of volume it devours. In any case, the organization isn't a selective

Lord of the Ring Essay Topics

Lord of the Ring Essay TopicsIf you are looking for a topic for your Lord of the Ring Essay, then this guide will give you some useful suggestions. We'll take a look at what is available and the criteria you should consider when choosing which essay topics to choose.Writing about a particular character is one of the easiest essay topics to choose from. Many students have a great deal of affection for Frodo Baggins. What better way to express yourself than through a Lord of the Rings Essay?Writing about one of the events in the story can also be a lot of fun. For example, The Battle of the Pelennor Fields has always been one of the most exciting moments in Lord of the Rings. You can spend hours discussing the true meaning of Bilbo's 'turn'. It's a brilliant opportunity to show you're not afraid to show your thoughts in a clear and coherent manner.A thesis or main argument is key to any essay. Tolkien was writing in a different age, when he wrote his works. There is no question that he had great insights into ancient mythology. But it was the modern day writers that took those ideas and used them to great effect.One of the easier essay topics is the history of Middle Earth. You can discuss how Tolkien developed and changed the mythology over the years. You can even go so far as to provide references that show why you think these changes were necessary. This is a good way to ensure that your essay remains clear and precise.You don't necessarily have to write about your own thoughts. Often, the questions you have are covered in the essay. In order to keep it concise, you can make reference to them. You can provide information from other sources as well.Another one of the essay topics to consider is religion. In this regard, you should know that you can use other sources. This is not always an easy task but when you study Tolkien's writings, you'll learn that he was a strong supporter of the 'belief in God'. And you can use this theme to help support your own points of view.One last point to make is that it's okay to use someone else's characters as your own. We all love to be able to take something from someone else's story. If you do that, it's only natural that you'll adapt it to your own needs.

The Key Minds That Made Chemistry Essay - 831 Words

When was Chemistry invented so to speak? Well the answer is that no one truly knows the exact date. It was thought be discovered around the time of 3,000 B.C., but was considered more of an art at the time rather than a science. Anyway the history of Chemistry is long and has no end in sight, so rather than try and fit that in a paper let’s discuss some of the key minds that made Chemistry what it is today. Lets start with Joseph Gay-Lussac; he was a French physicist that was born in 1778. In 1801 he did a study, which resulted in the publication of what is today called â€Å"Charles Law.† The reason for the law being named after Charles and not Joseph is due to the fact that Jacques Charles originally came up with this theory 15†¦show more content†¦Berzelius was not a man of one talent though; he also applied his skills to mineralogy, where he classified minerals by the chemical composition. What made this man who he was, was based on his synthesis threw the process of dualism, which is a line of thinking that can be traced back to his or Davy’s original electrochemical investigation. All in all this man made a huge contribution to the history of chemistry and what we use in todays day and time. The third chemist I want to refer to be Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev, the man who charted the first periodic table. Although it had undergone many modifications it is probably the most used tool in science classrooms around the world to this date. Dmitri was a Russian chemist who was born in 1834 in Siberia. In Heidelberg he made his first mark in chemistry history by helping create the principle for critical temperature for gas while working with a chemist that goes by the name of Gustav Kirchhoff. But back to the periodic table, it was first presented in The Journal of Russian Physical Chemistry, after Dmitri showed the table to the Russian Chemical Society. He may not have many achievements to show for his efforts, but he does have one o f the most important of all time to this day, and probably for thousands of years to come. The forth chemist I would like toShow MoreRelatedMy Interview Subject : Neerav Patel, And The Purchase Of A Textbook, General Chemistry And Energetics944 Words   |  4 Pagesabout was the purchase of a textbook, General Chemistry and Energetics. In order to better understand how Neerav came to choose this textbook, I sat down with him to go through his decision making process. Laddering and associative map were two additional techniques used to discern his decision-making process. The subject Neerav was asked why he wanted to buy this product, and he responded that this product category was required to be used in his Chemistry class. When shopping (online) for his textbookRead MoreSide Effects: Why drugs Are Poision Essay970 Words   |  4 Pagessome old hermit locked away in an arakic lab is trying to turn lead to gold. Im referring to the part of alchemy that later become modern chemistry. Alchemy has many parts to it one of which was medicine making. Alchemist would brake down plants into what they believed to was the three basic parts. Alchemist believe that everything that is in world was made up of three parts Mercury or the soul, Sulfur or the sprit, and Salt or the body. A cording to Real Alchemy: A Primer in Practical alchemyRead MoreWhy I Want Pursue A Career1744 Words   |  7 Pagespursue is pharmacy. There are many reasons as to why I want to pursue a career in pharmacy. For one, I have three cousins who has a career in the medical field a nd are very successful right now. Another reason is because of my aunt and uncle. They have made me realize that being either a doctor or pharmacist is a very good career to pursue because I can be a role model to their kids and that would want them to pursue a similar career. Basically I’ve been convinced to go for a career in the medical fieldRead MoreThe Radioactive Boy Scout By David Hahn1051 Words   |  5 Pageslater, his mother s property was cleaned up by the Environmental Protection Agency. Key Idea 1 Growing up in suburban Detroit, David Hahn was fascinated by science. He often conducted experiments in his basement and enjoyed making things such as homemade fireworks, brewing moonshine, and even making his own self-tanning lotion. Hahn especially loved chemistry and spent much of his time doing amateur chemistry experiments. The chemical reactions in these experiments sometimes went wrong and resultedRead MoreReflection Paper For Chemistry748 Words   |  3 Pagesanswers, matching each letter to the answer key. â€Å"YES, 800!†, I exclaimed, tallying his practice exam. Seeing him to the door, I couldn’t help but admire the glow of satisfaction on his face. I lean against the cool metal, letting my mind rewind to the preparation sessions for the subject test. To be part of an individual’s change is satisfying, but to enable his change is enlightening. As a self-proclaimed chemistry fanatic, I tutor AP/honors chemistry. I’ve taught an array of freshmen and sophomoreRead MoreFrom The Alternative Reflection1360 Words   |  6 Pagesthe best option, and how negotiation is a key principle in teaching. While reading the first journal, it brought me back to my own experiences throughout my thirteen years in public schooling. I am taken back to the days when I had Mr. Perkins, my Sophomore English teacher. He was intelligent, knowledgeable, and very kind. This made him the best teacher that I have ever had. I am also taken back to the days when I had Mrs. Brooks, my Sophomore Chemistry teacher. She was very corny, overly confidentRead MoreEssay Understanding Brain Chemistry1220 Words   |  5 PagesUnderstanding Brain Chemistry What is it that makes us human? Is it our actions, our sense of purpose, or our ability to keep our mind on as well as perform complex tasks? Is it that we analyze our own mental processes, as well as the processes of others? What exactly is a mental state, and what creates it? Is it a level of attentiveness, an impulse, or an emotional state? What is it that allows us to experience these things? The answers all lie within our brains. The brain, like the restRead MoreThe Big Bang Theory1488 Words   |  6 Pages Chemistry is seen everywhere, and provides the building blocks to matter. Since the dawn of intelligent life, humans have asked the age old question, â€Å"Where do we come from†. Many have thought of elaborate reasons or explanations to answer this including what we know as Ancient mythology and, to some, modern religion. As society progresses in the field of science, and we expand our knowledge of space these â€Å"explanations† hold less veracity. We now have intelligent explanations for things like wavesRead MoreHow to be a Nerd - Original Writing Essay667 Words   |  3 PagesWednesdays and Fridays and coach soccer before practice on Tuesdays and Thursdays. With all these items in mind, it may seem impossible to do all the tasks listed above and be able to be sane and hold myself together. Well just look at me, I guess it is possible to fit everything in (since I sleep in classes in which we have to read, listen, or do nothing in which I can not keep my mind entertained and start to fall asleep and snore in class, sorry Mrs. Cerrone and all others thatRead MoreMeth : A Popular Drugs992 Words   |  4 PagesBemis Chemistry Prof Blatchly 12/15/15 Meth in the U.S Crystal Meth is a very popular drugs in the U.S. Meth is easy to make and is highly desirable because of the high it gives. Meth is very devastating to the body and to the mind of users. Addicts suffer greatly as the drug truly take a toll on their bodies. Chemicals needed to make meth can be found at any CVS or pharmacy in the country. Over the counter meds are they key to making

Essay about The Use of Anabolic Steroids in Society Today

The Use of Anabolic Steroids in Society Today The use of steroids in our society today is very common, that is with prescription. But that is not the kind of steroids I am talking about, I am talking about Anabolic Steroids. Anabolic steroids are a very sensitive issue in the world of sports today. Even though the side effects are life threatening, men and woman alike continue to submit their bodies to this illegal drug. Anabolic steroids are taken either through pills or injected directly into the blood stream with a needle. In 1994, 1,084,000 Americans, or 0.5 percent of the adult population, said that they had use anabolic steroids, according to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration’s National Household†¦show more content†¦There is orally or injected. Most athletes and other abusers take them typically in cycles of weeks or months, rather than continuously, in patterns called cycling. Cycling involves taking multiple doses of steroids over a specific period of time, stopping for a peri od, and starting again. In addition, users frequently combine several different types of steroids to maximize their effectiveness while minimizing negative effects, a process known as stacking (NIDA July/August 1997). A lot of people associate steroids with body builders. I made the same assumption that is until I researched this paper. In the 18-34 age group, about 1 percent had ever used steroids, for ages 35 and older, that figure went down to .2 percent. More men than women had used the drugs: 0.9 percent of men and 0.2 percent of women said they had ever taken steroids. NIDA’s Monitoring the Future study has tracked anabolic steroid use among middle school and high school students in the United States since 1989. From 1989 to 1996, there was a slight, gradual decline in the number of 8th, 10th, and 12th graders who had ever used steroids or uses them in the past year. In 1996, 1.8 percent to 2.4 percent of these students had ever use steroids, and 0.9 percent to 1.5 percent had used them in the last year (NIDA September 1997). Under Federal law it is illegal to possess or distribute anabolic steroids of any sort. So who are these people getting this illegalShow MoreRelated Steroids and Sports Essay1324 Words   |  6 PagesSteroids and Sports Steroids, ever since their introduction into the sports world five decades ago, they have been a controversial issue (WebMD medical news). Anabolic performance dates as far back as the original Olympic Games. Today walking into any gym you will find some one who is using steroids or some kind of enhancement supplement. Anabolic steroids are so popular with athletes from high School level all the way up to the top. For the past fifty years, athletes around the world use steroidsRead More The Use of Steroids and Performance Enhancing Drugs in Sports1507 Words   |  7 PagesI have chosen to write my paper on the topic of steroids and performance enhancing substances that are used today in sports. In this paper I hope to focus on the steroids and performance enhancing drugs and how they have become a problem in sports.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An anabolic steroid is a substance that is related to male sex hormones, known as testosterone. The word â€Å"Anabolic† means muscle building. The word â€Å"steroids† is just referred to as a drug name or a class of drug. Some athletes have made the decisionRead MoreThe Effects Of Steroids On The Human Body, Steroids Sports, And Reasons Why People Use Steroids1251 Words   |  6 PagesJared Hipsher Mrs. Sexton 3-26-15 English 10 Steroids Jared Hipsher 3-26-2015 English 10 Mrs. Sexton Steroids Thesis : The history of steroids, the affects of steroids on the human body, steroids in sports, and reasons why people use steroids, are all things I ve wanted to know for a long time now I am going to further my knowledge on this topic. Introduction About A. Types 1. Anabolic 2. Corticosteroids III. History A. 1954 1. Weight liftingRead MoreThe Increasing Epidemic of Steroids621 Words   |  3 Pages Steroids As the popularity of sports continues to increase in society, so has the use of performance enhancing drugs, primarily anabolic steroids. Anabolic steroids increase the amount of testosterone in the body which allows for increased muscular development. These drugs have been known to be used in all kinds of different sports. Athletes will use these drugs to try to please fans, receive a large contract, and to try to keep up with the players who are already using these drugs. This is creatingRead MoreAnabolic Steroids : A Fatal Attraction1734 Words   |  7 PagesAnabolic Steroids in Sports The market for top performing athletes in sports in the 21st century is a competitive one. Athletes are pushed to, be stronger, an heal from injuries faster. With the pressure to do well and get picked up by a professional team of sorts goes without saying that hard work is a must to elevate ones professional athletic career, but what if one has reached a plateau or hit a wall in a training regimen and just can not seem to push through? When some athletes hit the proverbialRead MoreThe Steroids Epidemic Essay999 Words   |  4 Pages What is the first thing that comes to mind when steroids are discussed? Is it positive? Negative? What comes to mind for me is the vision of an extremely large man with bulging muscles like we see in bodybuilding competitions. These types of images are becoming extremely commonplace in society today, and also increasingly disturbing considering just a few short years ago the ‘bodybuilder’s body’ was just a niche in the sports world. But what drove this movement? There is no way toRead MoreThe Abuse of Anabolic Steriods648 Words   |  3 PagesAccording to Yavari (2009), conventionally, anabolic steroids were used to boost athletic performance and appearance by increasing muscle growth while decreasing fat. These steroids essentially raise androgenic testosterone levels within the body therefore, promoting faster muscle growth. However, today these performance enhancing drugs are no longer a preserve for bodybuilders and professional athletes. Instead they are widely by people across all age groups. Students from middle-school to high-schoolRead MoreSteroids and Other Performance Enhancers Essay1191 Words   |  5 PagesThe issue over steroids and other performance enhancer drugs has been a recent topic in the sports world. The debate over whether or not to punish those who have been caught using has been a major topic recently, as well as the legalization of these drugs. When arising the que stion of whether or not to legalize steroids, many positive and negative factors are brought to the table, and in effect could change various aspects of our normal day lives. Anabolic steroids are a class of naturalRead MoreEssay about Professional Athletes and Enhacer Drugs1338 Words   |  6 Pagesmore drugs than any other sport. I hate how athletes today take enhancement drugs to make them better in sports. (The use of performance-enhancing drugs is becoming relatively mainstream. Approximately 3 million people in the United States have used anabolic steroids (Silver 2001), with usage rates as high as 12% among young men and 2% among young women (Bahrke, Yesalis Brower 1998). Not only are newscasts filled with reports of steroid use by both Olympic and professional athletes, but studiesRead MoreAre Steroids as Bad as We Think?1132 Words   |  5 PagesAre Steroids Bad? Anabolic steroids are one of the most thought about drugs when talking about gaining weight and muscle. Steroids have been around for years and athletes today continue to use these illegal performance enhancing drugs. But are they really that bad for you? Steroids not only have terrible side effects but they are also becoming more and more common around the world today with pro icons using them and the existence of them. People use steroids for many reasons whether it is

The Views Of Nature Expressed By Emerson And Thoreau

Analyze the views of nature expressed by Emerson and Thoreau in this week’s readings. Then compare and contrast them to one another. You might also want to apply these themes of nature overall thought of the Transcendentalists as a genre or discipline. Transcendentalism reports an easy idea that people fairly and evenly have ability about themselves, what’s around them and that goes above, â€Å"transcends† what people can do beyond their five senses. There are people that believe in themselves to endure their very own power on what is correct or what they feel is right. A transcendentalism is a person that obtain those ideas but not for religious reasons but for an approach of accepting life’s relationships. A group consist of citizens that was affiliated with a new process of thinking, would meet in Emerson home in Boston and they were called Transcendental Club. Margaret Fuller was the editor of their own publication called â€Å"The Dial.† She was also known as a radical and a feminist. The leader of the Transcendental Club was Ralph Waldo Emerson (Perkins). Ralph Waldo Emerson is considered to be the â€Å"All American† thinker. He advised Americans not seek into Europe for insight and stimulation. He asked for them to be themselves in his legendary essay â€Å"The American Scholar.† Emerson believed that people are commonly pleasant and people’s future was boundless. He attempted to influence his associates to seek in themselves character ability and effort for the solution ofShow MoreRelatedHow Does One Find the Miraculous in the Common? Essay example1187 Words   |  5 Pagespoet Ralph Waldo Emerson would call the previous statement a fallacy. This is due to his belief of finding the miraculous in the common as â€Å"the invariable mark of wisdom†. Emerson along with Henry David Thoreau and Annie Dillard all answered in regards to finding such miracles. These three authors have displayed their reasoning in their popular works. With the works of Self Reliance and Nature, Ralph Waldo Emerson defined how one would find the miraculous in the ordinary. Emerson does not pose whatRead MoreRalph Waldo Emerson And Thoreau975 Words   |  4 Pagesoptimistic outlook. It stress an importance of nature. That has a valued a feeling over reason. A following of the heart rather than the mind. Also the setting apart from society. There are two who comes to mind; Thoreau and Emerson. Where Emerson and Thoreau were clear examples of Bright Romanticism exemplified by the inclusion of nature, a positive view of mankind, and a poetic style that broke traditional method. Ralph Waldo Emerson exemplified him being a clear examples of BrightRead MoreTranscendentalism And Ralph Waldo Emerson And Henry David Thoreau807 Words   |  4 Pagesambassadors, Ralph Waldo Emerson and apprentice Henry David Thoreau. These men believed nature is what forces us not to depend on other ideas but to develop our own. Born in Boston, Massachusetts on May 25, 1803 as the fourth child in a family of eight, Ralph Waldo Emerson was brought up in an atmosphere where seven of his ancestors were ministers, and his father, William Emerson (who died when Emerson was eight), was minister of the First Church (Unitarian) of Boston. Emerson graduated in 1821, atRead More Oneness in Walden, Nature and American Scholar Essay1154 Words   |  5 PagesOneness in Walden, Nature and American Scholar  Ã‚   Some of the most prominent works which express a relationship between the individual and nature are undoubtedly Walden by Henry David Thoreau and the essays written by Ralph Waldo Emerson, specifically Nature and The American Scholar. In each of these works, an idea of wholeness, oneness, with nature is expressed. Thoreau and Emerson both believe that man, in order to live a full, happy life, must live in harmony with nature. Both writers shareRead MoreEmerson Thoreau and Individualism in Society Essay1370 Words   |  6 PagesRalph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau are still considered two of the most influential writers of their time. Ralph Waldo Emerson, who was a lecturer, essayist, and poet, Henry David Thoreau is his student, who was also a great essayist and critics. Both men extensively studied and embraced nature, and both men encouraged and practiced individualism and nonconformity. In Ralph Waldo Emersons essay Self Reliance and Henry David Thoreaus book Walden and es say Resistance to Civil GovernmentRead MoreTranscendentalism : Ralph Waldo Emerson And Henry David Thoreau967 Words   |  4 PagesRalph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau are two of the most inspiring and accomplished writers to ever walk upon this Earth. They dared to question how people lived and how people should live. They were light years ahead of their time with their transcendentalist ideas. Transcendentalism can be defined by this quote, â€Å"People... have knowledge about themselves and the world around them that transcends... what they can see, hear, taste, touch or feel†(History). This is a perfect explanation forRead MoreTranscendentalism Is Not A Beneficial Way Of Life1403 Words   |  6 Pagespeace. Thoreau’s â€Å"Walden† is about leaving the cities, abandoning one’s possessions and living out in nature to find one s true self. Emerson’s â€Å"Self- Reliance† is about resisting society and living true to oneself and ne ver following society’s standards. A modern Transcendentalist named Josh from the novel The Gospel According to Larry by Janet Tashjian follows in the footsteps of Emerson and Thoreau and tries to live a Transcendentalist way of life. When a person does follow the transcendentalistRead More Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau as Fathers of Transcendentalism730 Words   |  3 PagesRalph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau as Fathers of Transcendentalism Transcendentalism was a movement in writing that took place in the mid-nineteenth century. It formed in the early to mid nineteenth century and reached it climax around 1850 during an era commonly referred to as the American Renaissance, America’s Golden Day, or the Flowering of New England. The basic tenets of Transcendentalism involve the relationships between one’s self and the world at large. First, the searchRead MoreThe Great Traversers By Ralph Waldo Emerson2868 Words   |  12 Pagestranscendental ideas, as presented by Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Henry David Thoreau) In this spirit I have just discovered Emerson. For forty years I have known something about him, of course—that he was a mystical philosopher; the apostle of transcendentalism in America†¦.† (Abbot, lines 9-10). From within the text of the author of this quote, it can be seen the shear praise and gratitude held for a man by the name of Ralph Waldo Emerson. Emerson as mentioned in the quote, is considered to be theRead MoreThe Literary Movement of Transcendentalism Essay examples872 Words   |  4 Pagesand communicated with nature to find union with the Over-Soul. When this occurred, one was cleansed of materialistic aims, and was left with a sense of self-reliance and purity. Two authors who were among the leaders of the movement were Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau, whose works quot;Naturequot;, quot;Self-Reliancequot;, and quot;Waldenquot; brought America to the forefront of the transcendentalist movement. Their ideas opposed the popular materialist views of life and voiced a

Issues in International Business Cultural Environment

Question: Discuss about the Issues in International Business for Cultural Environment. Answer: Introduction This report contains a comprehensive description of Australian business cultural environment. Australia has a comparatively higher standard of living. It generally welcomes foreign direct investments and provides regulatory framework for investors to make them feel confident and secure. The report is designed to give an insight into some of the unique cultural components of Australia, which attract foreign companies to do business in Australia. Moreover, the report comments on the cultural differences between Australia and Singapore as typical examples of Western and Eastern cultures in the Asia-Pacific region. Finally, it points out various factors that the Singaporean companies need to consider in order to operate effectively in Australia. Rationale Australia is the 12th largest economy in the world (Offord et al., 2015). More than 1,000 foreign companies operate in Australia like British airways, Virgin, BP and so on. Along with these characteristics, the most important factor that makes the author to move from his home country Singapore, to do business in Australia is that, it provides a safe and low-risk environment for businesses and offers a lot of opportunities, in terms of growth, innovation and talented workforce for businesses to become successful. The author wants to visit Australia to explore the impact of nature of Australian corporate culture on foreign businesses. This would help him in taking right decision to have a permanent establishment in the country. A Detailed Cultural Analysis of Australia Australia is one of the best-performing economies in the world and is placed at a good position in terms of cultural aspect (Hunter, and Biddle, 2012). Here, a detailed analysis of cultural environment of Australia has been made in order to understand its work-related values and other cultural backgrounds which will help the foreign companies to take right decision. The explanation of eight major cultural components of the country is described as follows: Physical environment: Australias physical environment is favourable and provides opportunities for the companies to grow and prosper (Strigel, 2012). The political system of the country is relatively stable, which attracts foreign companies to invest in with lower rate of risk (Head et al., 2015). Australia has specific laws which regulate bribery and corruption issues, in order to protect investors interests. The entire worlds climate is found in the country. Its GDP has also been increased in 2016, by 3.2%. It has enormous natural resources like coal, iron, copper, natural gas, uranium and various sources of energy. It has a liberal-capitalistic democracy, which means that the state interferes in the economy in various matters. It has lower unemployment and public debts. Moreover, only 10% tax rate is imposed on sale of most goods and services and a very nominal tax rate is charged on exporting activities in Australia (Austin and Huang, 2011). However, non-residents earning in Australia is subject to hi gher tax regime. There is a strong awareness among the people in the country about water, air and land pollution. In addition, the policy of free trade agreements indicates a competitive advantage for the economy. Values and attitudes: Australia is a product of new beliefs and traditions, which encourage innovation, experiments and risk taking. It is a multi-cultural country as it is a collection of diverse people. Australians are enthusiastic adopters of technology (McKeown, 2016). All Australians have the right to express their culture and beliefs and also have the freedom to enjoy Australias national life. They are friendly in nature and open-minded. There exists equality for men and women, respect for equal worth and peacefulness. In Australian companies, being punctual is critical. Australian business people take punctuality seriously and are efficient and profit-oriented. The work weak consists of five working days with longer working hours but working environment in the companies tends to be good. They take personal responsibility for the consequences of their efforts and show complete honesty in their commitments. They value honesty and it is reflected in their work (Solomon et al., 2012). Drinking wine is very common in Australia but in offices it is allowed only on special occasions. Australians respect people having strong views, even if they dont agree fully. There is a positive response to the cultural changes in the country. Manners and Customs: In Australia, greetings among people are casual and relaxed, with a handshake and a smile. They used to be informal in their day-to-day interactions, but they tend to be formal in professional situations (Montagu, 2013). The dress code for business people in the country differ according to the location and situation. Generally, it consists of dark-coloured, conservative business suit for both men and women. Offering gifts is not the custom of the Australian corporate culture, as it is often seen as bribery. However, if someone is invited to the home then, bringing small gifts like flowers, chocolates and wine is common. It is customary to use words please, thank you, excuse-me and sorry, while having conversation with either friends or strangers and while conducting business transactions. Sports are a national passion in Australia (Keen, 2010). Playing Beach cricket and backyard in the summer is popular among Australians. Education: Traditions, beliefs and customs are transferred to the Australian people through parenting, schooling and group membership (Crossley, 2015). Higher education offers well-paid jobs in the country. Students studying in Australia, get great advantage from countrys innovative technology and research resources. Education in Australia also includes promoting peace and serving justice. Degrees obtained from Australian Universities and Institutions are recognizes all over the world. Australian government keeps evaluating these universities to make sure that they are maintaining high standards. Today, Australians are more highly educated than ever before. Personal communication: Australians prefer modes of communication according to their cultural background and upbringing (Burgess et al., 2014). They are little more familiar facial expressions, tone and body language than other countries. For example, while making conversation, eye-contact is essential. It demonstrates attention, involvement and sincerity. Social structure: Australian society is generally a collection of young diverse people and is relatively more liberal. Social classes in the country are divided into three categories, i.e. working class, middle class and upper class (Uhlmann, 2016). However, class cant be identified by cars, clothes and living circumstances. Way of speech, participation in sports, consumption patterns, etc are the useful indicators of class. It is also allowed for people to move between classes from one generation to another. It is not customary in the corporate culture of the society to make social contact with customers outside the office. In Australia, no one is discriminated on the basis of its cultural heritage, religious belief, gender, or language. Everyone is assessed on the basis of are character (Jang, 2015). Many people who migrate to Australia feel a strong sense of belonging to Australia and gradually get attached to its beliefs and values. Religion: There is no official religion of Australia and people are free to practice any religion, they wish, provided that they do not break the law (Grim et al., 2015). However it is basically describes as Christian country. Extensive migration from different parts of the world has given this nation an identity of religiously diverse society. People in the country enjoy freedom of religion and all religions and faiths like Buddhists, Muslims, Jews and Hindus are equally respected in the country. Also 19% of the Australians have no religion. Every religious community has its own place of worship. Aesthetics: Australian culture is basically a Western culture, mainly derived from Britain. Music is an integral part of Australian culture. Didgeridoo is the most famous feature of Aboriginal music (Sb, 2016). However, they have also turned to Western popular music forms for commercial success. Architecture is also predominant throughout the country. It includes Harbour Bridge in Sydney, Port Arthur in Tasmania, and Royal Exhibition Building in Melbourne and many more. The National Trust of Australia is in charge of Australias built heritage. Aboriginal rock art is the oldest tradition of Australia. Australian foremost landscape painters include John Glover and Eugene Von Guerard. Australian schools of painting are associated with Heidelberg school of late 1800s. Dance is also an important part of Australian culture (Nah and Tan, 2016). In many states of the country, various youth dance companies have been established, providing opportunity for youngsters to participate in dance. It gives them a broad understanding of artistic process. Moreover, theatrical and dramatic aspects are also found in Australian cultural ceremonies and they have experienced a new sense of national identity. Comparision of Business Culture of Austrlia With That of Singapore In Australian culture, business people are polite and speak of their minds. But they are less aggressive and are more compatible with their colleagues (Bharati and Pratyush, 2010). In Singapore, interpersonal communication is primarily influenced by Western culture. Here, people are argumentative, even if the matter is controversial. Australian work culture give more priority to individual needs while, Singaporean culture mainly focus on organisational needs rather than individual needs. Working hours: Another big corporate cultural difference between two countries is working hours. In Singapore, working hours are longer than that of Australia. Particularly in the field of architecture, working hours are longest and quite harsh in Singapore. On the other hand, in Australia, things happen quicker in daily operations (Spoehr, and Jain, 2012). On the other hand, in Singapore, business deals are completed at slower pace. Greeting: Since Singapore is a multi-ethnic society, greetings are based on the ethnic origin. For example, Muslim men do not shake hands with women. However, Western culture of shaking hands with everyone (except older and more reserved Singaporeans) is widely accepted in the country by younger people and people working in multi-nationals (Sirgy et al., 2015). On the other hand, shaking hands is a common practice in Australia, before and after the business meeting. If anyone refuses to shake hands, when offered, it is considered rude. Negotiations: When it comes to meetings and negotiations, Australians businesspeople are more relaxed and calm and willing to share information. Here, negotiations happen quickly. On the other hand, business negotiations take place at a slow pace in Singapore and follow the strict hierarchy (Lee 2010). They are a little bit tough on price and deadlines. Decision-making: In Singapore, business decision making involves agreement of majority of the people in the group (Chhokar et al., 2013). On the other hand, in Australia decisions are taken by the top management of the company. Business meeting etiquette: In Singapore, appointments are made before at least two weeks (Djajadikerta and Zhang, (2015). While in Australia, appointments are relatively easy to schedule. Gift giving etiquette: In Singapore, flowers are not considered appropriate for gifting as they are given to the sick people and used at funerals. However, one can gift sweets, fruits or cake saying that it is for the children and gifts are not opened when received (Aung and Myo, 2015). On the other hand, in Australia, it is considered polite to bring chocolates or flowers when invited to someones house and gifts are opened when received. Dress code: In business culture of Singapore, businesspeople wear dark or light-coloured long-sleeved shirts and dark trousers with no tie and no jackets or blazers whereas women tend to wear blouses, skirts or dressy slacks (Sharkey, 2012). On the other hand, in Australia, business attire for men is a dark-coloured black or navy suit with white shirt and a tie and for women, it is skirt or trouser with white blouse. Hofstedes Six Cultural Dimension Theory Hofstedes cultural dimension theory is a model which illustrates cross-cultural communications among different national societies. It describes the effects of bringing together various groups of people having different preferences and values (Piepenburg, 2011). It is the most valuable pieces of work in the field of international business management (IBM) which evaluates how values in workplace are influenced by culture and helps in better decision-making. This model assists the organisations in operating effectively across cultures. Hofstedes model contains six cultural dimensions, which are: Here, a meaningful analysis of Australian culture has been made, using Hofstedes cultural dimension theory. In addition, some factors are also discussed which foreign countries (here, Singapore) should consider to operate business in Australia successfully. Power Distance: The term power distance deals with the issue of human inequality. It indicates the extent by which less powerful people accept that power is spread unequally (Robbins, 2014). People having high power distance generally accept autocratic power relations and unequal distribution of power, while people having low power distance question and expect to participate in decisions taken by the authority that affect them. Australia scores 36 in this dimension, which is lower as compared to that of Singapore. It indicates that managers and employees in Australian companies expect to be consulted and involved in decision-making process. If Singapore wishes to do business in Australia, it needs to delegate its power and authorities to employees as much as possible. Also, the top management should involve employees in all those decision-making processes which may affect employees directly. Individualism: It indicates the degree of interpersonal connection between the individuals and social groups. Higher individualism represents individualist culture. In individualist culture, people take care of themselves and their family only (Newman, 2014). They live with I mentality and emphasize on individual achievements. Lower individualism represents collectivistic culture, in which people emphasize more on groups and We mentality, exists there. Decisions are taken which are best for the entire group rather than any particular person. Australia scores 90 in this dimension, which indicates highly individualistic culture in the country. It means that Australians give more importance to their personal goals and freedom. Since, individualism is high in Australia, it is important for Singaporean companies to let employees to express their own ideas and appreciate individual accomplishments in order to encourage them. Masculinity: Masculinity places value on ambition, power and material goods. A high masculine society generally has more difference between genders and tends to be more competitive (Newman, 2014). In contrast, lower masculinity represents feminine society, in which more emphasis is on quality of life and relationship building. Australia has high level of masculinity (61), which shows that it places more value on money and material gains. Therefore, if a Singaporean company wants to operate business in Australia, it should recognize that it is operating in a hierarchical, deferential and traditionally patriarchal society. Here, long-hours are the norm and this can make difficult for female members to gain advancement, due to family commitments. Uncertainty Avoidance: This dimension reflects societys tolerance for uncertainty and the ways by which members of the society deals with future unknown changes and threats (Shackleton, and Ali, 1990). Australia scores moderate, i.e. 51 in this dimension, which shows that business culture of Australia, is tolerant of uncertainty and there are very few rules and regulations to cope up with the anxiety of unexpected events. Singaporean companies should encourage employees to become more open to different approaches but at the same time, it should be ensured that people remain focussed and do not create too much structure. Singaporean companies also need to recognize and learn Australian unspoken expectations in order to function there in a better way. Long Term Orientation: This dimension represents the extent to which members of a society deals with their present and future challenges while linking them with their past. Long term orientation shows that people see time as linear and looks to the future rather than the past or the present. It is goal-oriented and values rewards (Shi, and Wang, 2011). On the other hand, short-term orientation is characterized with emphasizing on respect for tradition, personal steadiness and stability. Australia scores very low (21) in this dimension which means that it is a normative cultural society. Australians fosters on achieving quick results and care more about immediate gratification than long-term fulfilment. Singaporean companies may need to sell themselves to be taken seriously, in order to operate effectively in Australian normative culture (Gulsrud, 2014). Here, people are less willing to compromise as it would be seen as weakness. Singaporean companies may need to promote self-enhancement of employees and value their short-term gains. Indulgence: Indulgence cultural societies are more concerned with optimism, personal life control and freedom of speech (McSweeney, 2002). Low indulgence represents a restraint culture where people feel helplessness about their personal destiny and have rigid behaviour. Australia scores higher (71) in indulgence, which indicates that these people have control over their future events and they actively participate in life activities. It also reflects that Australian customer service representatives visibly demonstrate their happiness with a smile and friendly behaviour. In order to operate well in Australia, it is required for Singaporean companies to prioritize feedback, coaching and mentoring (Xiumei et al., 2011). Companies should provide employees flexible working environment along with work-life balance. Comclusion From the above detailed analysis, it has been concluded that Australian culture is primarily influenced by Western culture, which are characterized as low in power-distance, individualistic, high in uncertainty-avoidance, masculine, short-term oriented and high in indulgence. Hofstedes cultural dimensions model enables foreign business firms who want to do business in Australia, to evaluate their approaches, decisions and actions based on corporate culture of Australia. A little research has found several key differences in context of working hours, greetings and business etiquettes, in the business culture of Australia and Singapore. Additionally, the above studies provide information on business decision-making style that foreign business firms can utilize to operate in Australia by formulating more effective strategies. References Hunter, B and Biddle, N. (2012). Survey Analysis for Indigenous Policy in Australia: Social Science Perspectives. Australia: Anu E Press. 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